Although some people study theology to prepare for a particular religious order, others study it to understand the divine. Through reviewing religious and philosophical beliefs throughout history, students can gain a better grasp not only on each of the specific traditions but also on people’s beliefs in general.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.