Medical microbiology is progressively developing medical discipline closely cooperating with many clinical specializations, e.g. intensive care medicine, transplantology, surgery). For diagnostic purposes, advanced molecular-genetic and proteomic techniques are used. The basic goal of current medical microbiology is to understand the interaction between the pathogen and the host, i.e. understanding the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. The research is also focused on the development of novel diagnostic procedures, efficient therapy, epidemiology of infectious diseases, etc. The study program without specialization.

Studies are focused on the knowledge of the biological processes occurring in the microorganisms at the molecular, cellular, and ecosystems level of organizations. Graduates are accomplished in the skill of independent research and scientific work in microbiology. According to article 3, paragraph 1, second sentence of the Code of Admission Procedure of Charles University, this program of study is offered without specialization.

The study program provides students with advanced theoretical and practical knowledge in microbiology. The students employ current microbiological, molecular biology, bioinformatics, biochemical, analytical, and biophysical methods for the study of microorganisms. The key area of research includes the regulation of physiology of microbial cells with respect to 1) production of antimicrobial compounds and mechanisms of resistance 2) pathogenesis of infection diseases 3) interaction of microorganisms with their environment. The research is also targeted at the biodegradation abilities of microbial communities in biogeochemical cycles including bioremediations. The program is carried out without any specialization.

Doctoral study program in Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry deals with the chemical and biological characterization of biomolecules and their building units in health and diseases. The program deals with their mutual transformation, with their role in the regulation of physiological processes, and with their disorders. An important task is to study the biological membranes, subcellular components (organelles), energy transformations, and the role of extracellular matrix and second messengers in the cell regulations. Branch also focuses on the role of free radicals in carcinogenesis and atherogenesis. The study program is closely related to molecular biology and genetics as well as to many basic and clinical biomedical fields, especially to clinical biochemistry.

The graduate masters the basic methodology of molecular biology and genetics, gene engineering, population genetics, and microscopy, which is able to practice, apply and interpret in research, clinical practice, or education. The graduate has a general overview of the basic statistical methods used in the evaluation of the results. The graduate demonstrated the ability of independent, creative, and team scientific work, can process and interpret the results, and is able to present these results at the scientific forum in Czech and English. The graduate is fully acquainted with the rules of ethics of scientific work, rules, and ethics associated with the interpretation of results, handling of patients' data, and work with genetically modified organisms (GMO), principles of animal protection against cruelty, and working in harmony with them.

Cell Biology and Pathology is a field of biomedical science concerned with the build-up and functional characteristics of particular cells and their interaction in the construction of tissues and organs. The content matter of the study is, above all, the cell itself at various levels of its functional organization, also concerning the interconnection of structural-functional levels that maintain the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of multicellular organisms including the human.

The aim of the Study Program is to provide a comprehensive view of substances of natural origin as sources of pharmaceuticals (from used and potential curative sources) in human therapy and nutraceuticals - substances derived from food sources or new sources of raw materials used in nutrition. The dominant area is the information on obtaining active substances (isolation, biotechnology, semi-synthetic pathway), methods of isolation from biological material, including solution of structure, mechanisms of biological activity in vitro, screening methodology for individual types of biological effects, and development of analytical methods for monitoring substances in the natural matrix from the therapeutic, tissue-protection and, to a certain extent, even toxicological point of view. The aim of these studies is to find out the possibilities of their use as phytopharmaceuticals, food supplements, and novel foods for the normalization of human physiological processes for the strengthening of health and prevention of chronic diseases together with the use of nutrigenomic phenomena that can be used in the administration of products in terms of interaction with food and pharmaceuticals (from the point of view of clinical pharmacy) and to influence the course of diseases.

Parasitology is a complex scientific discipline dealing with various aspects of the relationship between a parasite and a host. The Doctoral Study Program (DSP) Parasitology is focused on the study of the biology of parasitic protozoa, helminths, and arthropods, at the level of whole organisms, cells, and molecules with an emphasis on parasites interactions with hosts. The DSP Parasitology is based on, follows, and combines both, systematic and ecological disciplines focused on (totally or partially) various parasitological pathogenic agents. The DSP Parasitology combines various methodological approaches such as immunology, cell, and molecular biology, biochemistry, epidemiology, diversity, and phylogeny of parasitic organisms. The DSP Parasitology is designed to familiarize students with various aspects of parasitism and the application of parasitology in veterinary and human medicine. The DSP Parasitology aims to deepen the knowledge especially in the field of parasitology, and to develop students' ability to creative scientific thinking, which is also a prerequisite for further education in related fields such as immunology, biochemistry, cell, and molecular biology, microbiology. The emphasis is put on independent scientific work and development of the ability to critically evaluate, formulate, present and publish the achieved results. The DSP Parasitology will allow doctoral students to devote sufficient time not only to study but also to demanding experimental work; as well as to at least a three-month internship abroad and to defend a dissertation work (a doctoral thesis) based on high-quality publications in international journals.

The purpose of the study program is to provide the students with advanced theoretical and practical knowledge in various areas of molecular and cell biology, genetics, and virology, as well as to familiarize them with modern methodical and technical approaches utilized in these scientific fields and with the possibilities of such approaches for problem-solving in current biological and biomedical science (including interdisciplinary research). The main scope of the program can be characterized as the study of biological processes at molecular and cell levels, focusing particularly on complex interactions between cells and environment or between various information macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) and using the most modern approaches of molecular biology and bioinformatics. The program is carried out without any specialization.

The aim of the study is the preparation for highly qualified research work with deep theoretical and practical knowledge in xenobiochemistry and pathobiochemistry and good knowledge in other biochemical sciences and related sciences in the field of pharmacy, biology, and medicine. The core of the program is experimental laboratory work, the results of which are published and are included in the dissertation theses.

Developmental and cell biology are dynamic fields that integrate molecular biology, biochemistry, histology, and functional morphology, in the context of both evolution and ontogenesis, in one unifying view of life on the cellular level. The study, which typically takes four years to complete, involves intense science training under the guidance of a supervisor and extends the education on M.Sc. level by specialized courses. Courses are guaranteed by specialists from the Faculty of Science and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University as well as experts from the institutes of the Academy of Science (majority of them from IMG). Students can work on their doctoral projects in the above institutions as well as in hospitals, clinical laboratories, institutions of applied research, or, less frequently, in the biotech development segments of private companies. Students discuss the progress of their research at Ph.D. conferences in their oral presentations or posters. Project plans can be also implemented as parts of grant applications. Student mobilities help them to get acquainted with the international dimension of scientific collaboration. The outcome of their scientific work is presented at international conferences and as publications in impacted international journals. Members of the oversight committee and the head of the program supervise students' projects and work with students on an individual basis. Students are encouraged to make independent opinions based on the literature they study.

The aim of the study is the dynamics, relationships, and functional characterization of basic structural components of eukaryotic cells under normal - physiological conditions and in pathological processes, as well as in their modeling. Furthermore, the general expressions of functional cells such as cell cycle, movement, etc., including its regulatory mechanisms. Methodical landmark is vytochemie, in situ hybridization, electron microscopy, image analysis, a biological experiment in vivo and in vitro. This program overlaps with a number of other fields, particularly in molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology.

The subjects applied specific molecular approaches in the detailed exploration of the heredity and variability of organisms the uncovering of the structural and functional relations between information macromolecules (nucleic acids and proteins) as the basis of the existence and manifestation/expression of living matter at all levels of complexity of its organization. It is concerned with the structure and function of genes, the biosynthesis of proteins as gene products – gene expression and its regulation. Classical and molecular biological approaches are applied to all biological objects in normal and pathological states with the aim of discovering, understanding and purposefully modifying the mechanisms of all their manifestations, including the viral level and gene therapy. Their subject of study and methods means that these disciplines have an impact on practically all the scientific and research fields of biology and biomedicine and have an influence on the applied spheres of medicine (congenital and infectious diseases, vaccines, new drugs), agriculture (transgenic organisms and the improvement plants and animals), ecology (the relationship between organisms and the environment, control of pollution of the environment and non-traditional processing of wastes) and biotechnologies based primarily on the procedures of genetic engineering and genetic manipulation.

Homologous and heterogeneous gene expression and its regulation, gene manipulation industrial strain of microorganisms, degree of ribosomal biosynthesis of proteins. Influence of application spheres of medicine (hereditary and infectious diseases, vaccines, new drugs), agriculture (transgenic organisms, and plant and animal breeding), ecology, and biotechnology. The study program is carried out in collaboration with the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. This program of study is offered without any specialization.

The Ph.D. degree in Microbiology aims to impart advanced scientific knowledge in microbiology, to provide training opportunities in conducting state-of-the-art basic research in microbiology, and closely related disciplines.