The study of materials, objects and biological structures of extremely small size is known as nanoscience. The chemical and electrical processes used in nanomanufacturing are often investigated during these programs with an aim toward extending the boundaries of engineering and medical sciences.

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a country is Central Asia. It is the largest landlocked country. The education system is universal and compulsory. It is divided into 3 phases, namely: primary (forms 1-4), basic general (forms 5-9), and senior level education (forms 10- 11 or 12).

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.