Study in molecular sciences can open up many innovative and new scientific fields to pursue, including molecular neuroscience, cytogenetics, molecular genetics, molecular basis of monogenic diseases, molecular virology and immunology, and the molecular basis of complex diseases.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.