Common topics in molecular bioscience programs include immunology, biofilm science and biomaterials. Completing these programs could offer opportunities to students who wish to engage with the leading edge of biological and ecological research in an academic or professional capacity.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.