Microbiology courses and programs give students a basic understanding of microscopic life. From the viruses that make us sick to the beneficial soil bacteria that help our crop plants grow, these organisms have many relevant human applications.

Brazil offer a higher education that is partially financed for those students who would like to pursue advanced education. They must be aged between 18 and 35 years. This higher education system enables students to learn practical skills that enable them to face the 21st century challenges.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.