Certain mathematical subjects, such as statistics and linear algebra, are effective in the analysis of the behavior of markets. Economists, bankers and business consultants would all benefit from applying themselves to a detailed study of these concepts in a financial mathematics program.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.