A unique branch of business and public administration is CSR, also known as “corporate social responsibility.” It is the study of promoting social programs and charitable works and balancing these efforts with the many other priorities of corporations, governmental organizations and nonprofits.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.