Homologous and heterogeneous gene expression and its regulation, gene manipulation industrial strain of microorganisms, degree of ribosomal biosynthesis of proteins. Influence of application spheres of medicine (hereditary and infectious diseases, vaccines, new drugs), agriculture (transgenic organisms, and plant and animal breeding), ecology, and biotechnology. The study program is carried out in collaboration with the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. This program of study is offered without any specialization.

PhD in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology The Doctoral Study Program (DSP) Bioinformatics and Computational Biology is a combined study program aimed at three areas of education (Informatics; Biology, Ecology and the Environment; General Medicine and Dentistry). It is a multidisciplinary "doctoral degree" program between two universities. All subjects offered to students of this DSP are a combination of subjects focused on informatics - guaranteed by VŠB-TUO (50%), and subjects focused on biology and medical sciences - guaranteed by Palacky University in Olomouc (30% + 20%).

The graduate masters the basic methodology of molecular biology and genetics, gene engineering, population genetics, and microscopy, which is able to practice, apply and interpret in research, clinical practice, or education. The graduate has a general overview of the basic statistical methods used in the evaluation of the results. The graduate demonstrated the ability of independent, creative, and team scientific work, can process and interpret the results, and is able to present these results at the scientific forum in Czech and English. The graduate is fully acquainted with the rules of ethics of scientific work, rules, and ethics associated with the interpretation of results, handling of patients' data, and work with genetically modified organisms (GMO), principles of animal protection against cruelty, and working in harmony with them.

Cell Biology and Pathology is a field of biomedical science concerned with the build-up and functional characteristics of particular cells and their interaction in the construction of tissues and organs. The content matter of the study is, above all, the cell itself at various levels of its functional organization, also concerning the interconnection of structural-functional levels that maintain the cell as the basic structural and functional unit of multicellular organisms including the human. The goal of the studies in the study program Cell Biology and Pathology is to train the student for independent scientific research work aimed at understanding dynamics, mutual connections, and functional-structural characteristics of cells and tissues under normal – physiological conditions and in pathologic processes as well as in their modeling. The program is carried out without any specialization.

The aim of the study is the dynamics, relationships, and functional characterization of basic structural components of eukaryotic cells under normal - physiological conditions and in pathological processes, as well as in their modeling. Furthermore, the general expressions of functional cells such as cell cycle, movement, etc., including its regulatory mechanisms. Methodical landmark is vytochemie, in situ hybridization, electron microscopy, image analysis, a biological experiment in vivo and in vitro. This program overlaps with a number of other fields, particularly in molecular biology, biochemistry, and physiology.

Developmental and cell biology are dynamic fields that integrate molecular biology, biochemistry, histology, and functional morphology, in the context of both evolution and ontogenesis, in one unifying view of life on the cellular level. The study, which typically takes four years to complete, involves intense science training under the guidance of a supervisor and extends the education on M.Sc. level by specialized courses. Courses are guaranteed by specialists from the Faculty of Science and 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University as well as experts from the institutes of the Academy of Science (majority of them from IMG). Students can work on their doctoral projects in the above institutions as well as in hospitals, clinical laboratories, institutions of applied research, or, less frequently, in the biotech development segments of private companies. Students discuss the progress of their research at Ph.D. conferences in their oral presentations or posters. Project plans can be also implemented as parts of grant applications. Student mobilities help them to get acquainted with the international dimension of scientific collaboration. The outcome of their scientific work is presented at international conferences and as publications in impacted international journals. Members of the oversight committee and the head of the program supervise students' projects and work with students on an individual basis. Students are encouraged to make independent opinions based on the literature they study.

The purpose of the study program is to provide the students with advanced theoretical and practical knowledge in various areas of molecular and cell biology, genetics, and virology, as well as to familiarize them with modern methodical and technical approaches utilized in these scientific fields and with the possibilities of such approaches for problem-solving in current biological and biomedical science (including interdisciplinary research). The main scope of the program can be characterized as the study of biological processes at molecular and cell levels, focusing particularly on complex interactions between cells and environment or between various information macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) and using the most modern approaches of molecular biology and bioinformatics. The program is carried out without any specialization.

The subjects applied specific molecular approaches in the detailed exploration of the heredity and variability of organisms the uncovering of the structural and functional relations between information macromolecules (nucleic acids and proteins) as the basis of the existence and manifestation/expression of living matter at all levels of complexity of its organization. It is concerned with the structure and function of genes, the biosynthesis of proteins as gene products – gene expression and its regulation. Classical and molecular biological approaches are applied to all biological objects in normal and pathological states with the aim of discovering, understanding and purposefully modifying the mechanisms of all their manifestations, including the viral level and gene therapy. Their subject of study and methods means that these disciplines have an impact on practically all the scientific and research fields of biology and biomedicine and have an influence on the applied spheres of medicine (congenital and infectious diseases, vaccines, new drugs), agriculture (transgenic organisms and the improvement plants and animals), ecology (the relationship between organisms and the environment, control of pollution of the environment and non-traditional processing of wastes) and biotechnologies based primarily on the procedures of genetic engineering and genetic manipulation.

The aim of the presented doctoral study program is to prepare graduates of medical, pharmaceutical and scientific faculties for work in the field of Military Radiobiology. To provide students with advanced laboratory technologies in the fields of hematology, flow cytometry, histology and molecular biology, which are necessary for the analysis of changes in the organism after interaction with ionizing radiation in in vitro or in vivo studies.