To study big data, a student must understand math and computer science. This field of study uses extremely advanced software and techniques for understanding very large and complex data sets. Careers in big data include international development, media data mining and simulation.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.