Astrophysics programs can teach students about the physical aspects of celestial bodies. In such a program, students may study various science and mathematics topics along with astronomy subjects, such as cosmology, stellar evolution, and planets.

Requirements for the PhD program often involve the student having already obtained a Master’s degree. Additionally, a thesis or dissertation primarily consisting of original academic research must be submitted. In some countries, this work may even need to be defended in front of a panel.