Horizons University

PHD in French Language, Civilization and Culture

The structure of a typical course will require students to read materials supplied by the university, study related materials, and perform personal research on selected topics. Confirmation of learning may be determined via papers, projects, quizzes, or exams.

• PHD501 The French language: issues and prospects in a globalized world: This course explores the contemporary challenges facing the French language in the context of accelerating globalization. Globalization is influencing more and more fields, from business to culture, confronting French with numerous challenges, particularly the growing dominance of English and other languages. This course analyses the presence of the French language in international institutions, its influence in different regions of the world, and strategies and initiatives aimed at preserving and promoting French on a global scale. At the same time, it examines the impact of globalization on the French language and the ways in which institutional players and citizens can contribute to its survival. Through an interdisciplinary approach, this course will enable students to understand the evolution of the French language in a globalized world and to reflect on its challenges, its prospects, and the actions to be implemented to guarantee its international influence.
• PHD502 The French language: History and development: This course aims to understand the historical development of the French language from its origins to the present day. It will enable students to understand the linguistic transformations of the language through the ages, as well as the socio-political events that brought them about. The analysis of ancient and modern texts will help them to better understand the language in its current particularities.
• PHD503 Research Methods: Research will be taught using the methods and principles that prevail in any methodology for constructing a research object. Based on the general theme of the doctorate, the student must be able to formulate relevant research questions, specify his or her research approach, construct a problem, formulate hypotheses, delimit the corpus of analysis, define the field of investigation, the tools, and techniques for objectification and the principles of interpretation. The first step here will be to take stock of the issue and the state of knowledge on the subject; to produce a bibliography that is justified and explained by means of reading sheets and the production of initial databases and information on the subject being dealt with. He/she will also have to define the notions, categories, and concepts used, and justify the dimensions in time and space of the chosen subject.
• PHD504 Medieval Literature: As a complement to the previous module and as an illustration of this evolution, the student will have to revisit this important moment in the transition from the oral to the written word, to grasp how French tends to replace Latin, and how vernacular languages participate in this transition. Literary and cultural productions from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance will be highlighted and analyzed: fabliaux, poems, chansons de gestes, courtly literature, and historical chronicles.
• PHD505 French Literature from the 16th to the 17th Centuries: The course will focus on this important period, which is characterized by the affirmation of the French language as a literary language. In the context of major socio-cultural transformations, the main genres of literature, such as the novel, literature of ideas, poetry, and theatre, emerged and were consolidated. We will use selected texts to define the scansions and forms of these genres and analyze their content. Authors as important as François Rabelais and Michel de Montaigne, for the novel or the literature of ideas, or Pierre Ronsard and Joachim du Bellay for poetry, are central and will be the subject of in-depth analyses. The theatre was more prominent in the 17th century, with major playwrights such as Corneille, Molière, and Racine, whose most emblematic productions will be analyzed comparatively through the innovations in style and language, and the qualitative leaps they made in the French language.
• PHD506 Dissertation Proposal: This second stage in the construction of the research project will involve making progress in setting up the problem, formalizing the main questions that the doctoral student will have to target in his research, formulating the hypotheses and specifying the tools and techniques that the researcher will have to use. A first draft of the work should be submitted for evaluation and validation of the subject.
• PHD507 French literature from the 18th to the 19th centuries: This course will focus primarily on the changes brought about by the "Enlightenment" in the fields of philosophy, literature, and theatre. Against a backdrop of a break with monarchical power and the demand for democratization that was emerging at the time, the lessons will initially focus on the work of the great philosophers, Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Diderot, both in their philosophical productions aimed at overcoming oppression and in their literary and theatrical productions aimed at disseminating the ideas of reason and progress. Secondly, in the context of the unfolding of a century of crises, with its back-and-forth between revolutions and restorations, in which the commitment of authors became a key factor, the emphasis will be on the determinants of the different currents (Romanticism, Realism, Naturalism, Symbolism) in literature, poetry, and theatre that were to characterize the century.
• PHD508 Literary Criticism 1: This first course will lay the foundations for literary criticism. On the basis of selected texts, the aim will be to define what is meant by literary criticism; and then to study how literary criticism has developed historically, in its different ways of analysing literary productions. In each case, these methods will be based on the literary productions of the historical moment under study.
• PHD509 French culture: constitution and evolution; popular cultures, foreign cultures and dominant culture: From anthropological and sociological approaches to the notions of culture and civilization, it will be a question of emphasizing what makes the specificity of French culture; to show its constitution and evolution and its current characteristics. The course proposes to analyze, from major texts, what proceeds from continuity and what proceeds from qualitative passages of processes of consideration of new cultural contributions, new forms of acculturation (culture as identity not being immutable and given once and for all; identity, like culture, is proceeding from a permanent invention. As the continuum thus tends to disappear behind proliferation and mixing, it will be a question of seeing the place of the cultures specific to the social groups that make up France and how these have melted or resisted the French melting pot.
• PHD510 French Literature from the 20th to the 21st centuries: The twentieth century also marked another change of direction in literary and theatrical production. New trends and genres emerged in a period that saw two world wars. The legacies of the 19th century were challenged by surrealism, existentialism, and the theory of the absurd, as well as the new novel. The teaching will focus on these new forms and the conditions that give them meaning and justification. Through the texts and works chosen, the aim will be to see how the twentieth century is freeing itself from the conventions established in the previous century and what new questions are being asked of these new productions. In a new context marked by globalization, in continuity with the twentieth century in terms of the effects of the period of decolonization, which saw the emergence of a significant body of 'francophone' literature, the teaching will focus on what makes, in the proliferation of current productions (diversity of themes, genres, styles, commitment/disengagement) that makes them specific to the moment. The bibliography will include a selection of the major works of the moment, which will be the subject of in-depth study.
• PHD511 Literary Criticism 2: This module examines the different perspectives of the main schools of literary criticism: from those in which interpretation is the equal of the work, or forms part of the work, to those that are more external: whether formal, sociological, sociolinguistic, psychoanalytical or, more broadly, interpretative, or even journalistic. Examples of the reception of major works will be taken into account.
• PHD580 Dissertation Writing: The progress of the research will be assessed on the basis of feedback from the field and analysis of the data collected. This semester will focus particularly on Data analysis and processing methods, by learning how to code questionnaires and using interview processing and analysis software. Training in the construction and interpretation of cross-tabulations will also be provided.
• PHD512 French Language and Regional and Minority Languages: The course will look back at the historical relationship between the French language and regional languages discussed in S1, to analyze the current situation, mainly as a result of the diversification of the French sociological make-up. French public policies on the teaching of so-called minority languages will be taken into account in the light of the French Jacobin model. Through the policies of the ELCO (Teaching of Languages and Cultures of Origin) and its reforms, the current ones, intended for regional languages, such as those defining the relationship of the French State to the European Charter of Languages, will focus on the methods of testing the French assimilationist model and its forms of adaptation
• PHD581 Journal Writing: During this semester, the doctoral student must produce a document of around 40 pages which must definitively establish: the state of knowledge on the question addressed, the problematic, the methodological approach, the delimitation of the field, the data and analytical tools explained and justified and the initial feedback from the survey or exploratory interviews.
• PHD513 French theatre and cinema: production and role in disseminating French culture and values: From a historical and sociological perspective, it will first be a question of seeing what makes the specificity of French theater and cinema, what historically and culturally, from their birth to today, founds their own characteristics; and secondly to analyze the public policies that have accompanied their developments to measure their places today in the dissemination and reception of French culture.
• PHD514 French Cultural Institutions around the World: The course proposes to make an inventory of the institutions of diffusion (cultural centers, Alliance française, Organization of the Francophonie, AUF, research centers abroad, universities, high schools and French schools abroad, French companies ) of French culture in the world; What is its own story? What is the mode of institutionalization and what is the role they play in the present in the representation of France and in the dissemination of French values? How do they participate in a French soft power? The course will be based on specific examples, particularly on the evolution of the organization of the Francophonie and the issues surrounding it.
• PHD590 Dissertation Writing up - Defense: The last semester will give the doctoral student the opportunity to deliver the first version of the thesis. This will be presented in a seminar, debated, reviewed, and then corrected and submitted for public defense. The applicant must then, between the time of submission and that of the defense, propose an article, extracted from the thesis, to be published in an indexed journal.