There is evidence of economic writing that dates all the way back to the Mesopotamian era. The development of modern economics is largely due to two groups which were known as the physiocrats and the mercantilists. These groups help develop capitalism in Europe in the 16th century.

Egypt has the oldest education system in the North Africa and Middle East. The government always finance higher education making it one of the cheapest student’s lives in the North Africa and Middle East. The university of Cairo is the leading university.