The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom and Britain, is a sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. The two most famous (and oldest) universities are Oxford and Cambridge (often referred to as Oxbridge by many Britons). England also has several other world-class institutions, including several in London (notably Imperial College, the London School of Economics, University College London and King's College London, all are part of London University).

Doctoral degrees are advanced educational qualifications, often pursued after a master's degree. They represent the highest level of academic achievement in fields like science, arts, and humanities. Achieving this degree involves intensive research, resulting in a thesis or dissertation.