The academic area of biochemistry encompasses a wide variety of topics. Depending on the program and interests of the student, areas of focus may include plant biochemistry, gene expression, biotechnology, forensic science and biochemical regulations.

Officially known as the Italian Republic, the country is found in southern Europe. The official language is Italian and the cultural rich capital is Rome. Many of the world's oldest universities are located in Italy, in particular the University of Bologna (founded in 1088). There are three Superior Graduate Schools with "university status", three institutes with the status of Doctoral Colleges, which function at graduate and post-graduate level.

Doctoral degrees are advanced educational qualifications, often pursued after a master's degree. They represent the highest level of academic achievement in fields like science, arts, and humanities. Achieving this degree involves intensive research, resulting in a thesis or dissertation.