A unique branch of business and public administration is CSR, also known as “corporate social responsibility.” It is the study of promoting social programs and charitable works and balancing these efforts with the many other priorities of corporations, governmental organizations and nonprofits.

Officially known as the Italian Republic, the country is found in southern Europe. The official language is Italian and the cultural rich capital is Rome. Many of the world's oldest universities are located in Italy, in particular the University of Bologna (founded in 1088). There are three Superior Graduate Schools with "university status", three institutes with the status of Doctoral Colleges, which function at graduate and post-graduate level.