How to Move to Europe as an American Researcher

Many American researchers are now considering a move to the EU to further their careers abroad.

This guide'll walk you through the essential steps to successfully relocate and settle in Europe for your PhD or post-graduate research.

1. Decide on a country

First, you need to figure out where you'd like to move.

Europe is not a monolith: studies in France will be very different from those in Poland or Greece. Each country has unique characteristics, funding opportunities, and academic cultures that may influence your decision.

Do your homework to figure out which country:

• Aligns best with your personal and career goals
• Invests enough money into research in your specific field

While assessing destinations, consider factors such as the:

• Cost of living
• Language
• Available research facilities
• Cultural fit

Step 2: Find the right opportunity

Once you've selected a country, identify universities and research institutes that align with your field.

Here's how to streamline your search:

Explore university websites

Start with the official websites of universities in your target country.

Nearly all European universities have dedicated pages for research careers, listing open PhD positions, postdoc fellowships, and collaborative research projects.

European higher education institutions welcome international researchers, particularly those from the US.

Look for state-funded projects, like the ones mentioned above. European countries spent a lot of money supporting their countries' research efforts.

Also, keep an eye out for programs funded by the European Union, such as Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA).

Attend events and conferences

Personal networks are critical in Europe, even more so than in the US.

An interesting study on academic networking found that scholars got "significant benefits" from "well-positioned academic networks" in Europe.

So, as an American researcher, make it a priority to attend:

• Academic events
• Industry conferences
• Workshops
• Open days hosted by universities and research institutions
• Seasonal summer schools and intensive short-term programs

Many of these events are open to international researchers and offer direct access to faculty, program coordinators, and current students.

Institutions like ETH Zurich, KU Leuven, and the Max Planck Institutes regularly host public research events that attract global talent.

Don't hesitate to introduce yourself, ask questions, and express interest in future collaborations or open positions!

Step 3: Prepare your application materials

Once you've identified the right research opportunities, the next step in moving to Europe as an American is to put together a strong application package.

European institutions often receive hundreds of international applications, so your materials must stand out.

Here's what to prepare:

CV/resume

Develop a clear, well-structured CV highlighting your academic achievements, research experience, publications, technical skills, and relevant awards.

European academic CVs typically include:

• Conference presentations
• Publications
• Grants and funding
• Other academic achievements

The tricky part is that you'll usually need to tailor your CV to each institution in terms of format and content.

Most universities and research institutions have an application portal and/or specific requirements for how your CV should look like.

If you can't find specific instructions, stick to a professional and simple Word template.

Cover letter

Write a personalized and focused cover letter that shows why you're a strong match for the position or program.

In your cover letter, cover:

• Your research interests
• Why you're interested in that specific institution
• How does your experience align with their goals

Be concise but specific. A strong cover letter is among the key factors in academic selection decisions.

Don't just rehash your CV. The cover letter is your opportunity to argue your case among hundreds or thousands of applicants. Don't waste it by repeating what the reviewers already know.

Letters of recommendation

European institutions place significant weight on references, particularly if you're applying for funding or a position under competitive EU programs like MSCA or Horizon Europe.

Ask for recommendation letters from former supervisors, professors, or collaborators who know your work well.

Focus on 3-5 people who can speak to your academic strengths, research skills, and potential for success in an international setting.

Additional documents

Some programs, especially PhDs and postdocs, may ask you to submit a detailed research proposal outlining your objectives, methodology, and how your project aligns with the host institution's priorities.

Ensure your proposal is well-researched, realistic, and tailored to the local academic context. For example, many EU-funded projects emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration and societal impact.

Step 4: Secure a position

After submitting your applications, the next critical step in how to move from America to Europe is navigating the selection and hiring process.

This phase often involves multiple rounds of communication, including interviews, presentations, or proposal reviews.

Prepare for the interview process

If you're shortlisted, you'll likely be invited to a virtual or in-person interview. Use this opportunity to:

• Present your research clearly: Prepare a short, compelling explanation of your past work, publications, and future research agenda.
• Show alignment: Demonstrate how your expertise supports the institution's mission, current grants, or faculty-led initiatives.
• Ask informed questions: Show your enthusiasm and preparation by asking about lab culture, funding structures, or international researcher support.

For some postdoctoral or senior positions, you may also be asked to give a job talk or presentation of your research proposal to faculty and students.

Understand European offer terms

If you're offered a position, review the offer letter carefully, as the contract terms and expectations vary by country and funding source.

Keep in mind that academic salaries in Europe are often lower than U.S. industry equivalents, but come with strong benefits like universal healthcare and pensions.

Of course, if any part of the contract is unclear, don't hesitate to ask for clarification or renegotiate aspects before signing.

Step 5: Apply for a long-stay visa

As a USA citizen, you don't need an entrance visa to enter Europe, but you'll need a residence permit to stay there long-term (more than 90 days).

While the exact process depends on your destination country, here's a general overview:

You'll typically need:

• A valid job or research contract
• A visa application form
• A scan of your passport (make sure it's valid for the duration of your entire stay in Europe)
• A square passport photo (taken recently)
• Proof of accommodation or intent to secure it
• Financial documentation (e.g., salary offer, insurance)

Step 6: Plan your move

With your visa in hand, it's time to start getting life matters in order.

Find housing near your institution

Living close to campus or your research center can simplify your daily routine and help you integrate into the academic community faster.

Make sure to start your housing search early, preferably as soon as you receive your job offer. Many EU countries have a competitive housing market, and you sometimes have to wait months or years to get a home.

Many European universities have dedicated international offices or relocation services that assist incoming researchers with finding temporary or long-term accommodation.

You'll often find options like university guesthouses, subsidized apartments, or local listings through university bulletin boards.

Plan your move and shipping logistics

Decide which personal belongings you'll bring and what you'll leave behind.

Most researchers moving from the US to Europe opt for a minimalist approach and ship only essential items.

Set up healthcare and insurance coverage

Many European countries have universal or semi-public healthcare, but access often depends on residency status and insurance coverage.

• Check health insurance requirements: Some countries (like Germany, France, and the Netherlands) require foreign researchers to have proof of health insurance as part of the visa or residence permit process.
• Secure interim coverage: If you’re arriving before your institutional health coverage begins, purchase short-term international health insurance to bridge the gap.

For detailed and country-specific guidance on insurances, consult your destination’s National Contact Point via the EURAXESS portal or speak to your host institution’s HR or international office.

Start learning the local language (even a little)

While many research roles in Europe are conducted in English, especially at the postgraduate level, learning the local language can significantly improve your day-to-day life.

It will help you navigate bureaucracy, connect with colleagues, and feel more integrated in your new community.

You don't have to break the bank to do it, either:

• Many universities offer free or discounted language courses.
• Some countries, like Sweden, offer free language courses to all residents.

Even basic proficiency can make a big difference, both professionally and socially.

Conclusion

Relocating to Europe as an American researcher truly opens up a world of opportunities for both academic advancement and personal growth.

With careful preparation and planning, you can navigate this exciting transition smoothly, ensuring a rewarding experience as you contribute to the global research community.